Carcinomatous autonomic neuropathy and the autoantibodies in paraneoplastic neuropathy carcinomatous autonomic neuropathy is a syndrome of autonomic dysfunction associated with … (1992 Jul)
carcinomatous autonomic neuropathy and the autoantibodies in paraneoplastic neuropathy carcinomatous autonomic neuropathy is a syndrome of autonomic dysfunction associated with malignant neoplasm . It is most often associated with small cell lung cancer . Auto immune mechanism is suspected to underlie this syndrome . among the symptoms of autonomic dysfunction , intestinal pseudo obstruction is most frequently seen . The autonomic dysfunction often precedes the discovery of the cancer . several autoantibodies have been reported in paraneoplastic neuropathies . Anti Hu antibody , which was originally reported in paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy , has also been detected in some cases with autonomic failure . anticarbohydrate antibody activity has been frequently shown in IgM M proteins associated with peripheral neuropathies . these include anti MAG , Po , and sulphated glucuronyl glycolipids in demyelinating neuropathy and anti GM1 in motor dominant neuropathy or motor neuron disease . further investigation should reveal more glycoconjugate antigens as targets of possible auto immune attack in paraneoplastic neuropathies .

Paraneoplastic neuropathies (1967 Nov)
paraneoplastic neuropathies

Paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies constitute a heterogeneous group of conditions. (2004 Mar)
paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies constitute a heterogeneous group of conditions . A link between the tumor and the neuropathy has been demonstrated in a subgroup only . definite paraneoplastic neuropathies correspond to neuropathies associated with antibodies reacting with antigens common to the peripheral nervous system and the cancer . neuropathies associated with anti Hu antibodies are the most frequent and consist mainly in subacute sensory neuronopathy . sensory or sensory motor neuropathies with anti CV2 antibodies are less frequent . The link between the cancer and the neuropathy is less clear in the other forms . The frequency of cancer in this group varies from 1 to 18 p . cent . these neuropathies include inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies , neuropathy and vasculitis , lower motor neurone diseases , and autonomic neuropathies . occasionally , the neuropathy improves with treatment of the tumor . recent data suggest that gangliosides may be the target of the immune process in neuropathies associated with melanoma .

2 cases of paraneoplastic neuropathies (1970 Aug)
2 cases of paraneoplastic neuropathies

Paraneoplastic neuropathy. (1999 Dec)
paraneoplastic neuropathy . paraneoplastic neuropathies occur in various settings . This article focuses on recent neuroimmunologic findings regarding paraneoplastic neuropathy . entities such as sensorimotor and sensory neuropathy , sensory neuronopathy ; motor , autonomic , demyelinating and vasculitic mononeuropathies ; and cranial nerve lesions and neuropathies in association with leukaemia and paraproteinaemas are discussed . finally , the article considers the issue of overlap syndromes the occurrence of several paraneoplastic phenomena in the same patient .

Paraneoplastic neuropathies. (1963 Dec)
paraneoplastic neuropathies .

Neurological symptoms as the initial signs of malignant tumors : paraneoplastic neuropathies (2003 Oct)
neurological symptoms as the initial signs of malignant tumors : paraneoplastic neuropathies

Antiganglioside antibodies in paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies. (2004 Nov)
antiganglioside antibodies in paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies . A total of 29 patients with cancer and neuropathies of unknown origin that were possibly paraneoplastic were tested for antiganglioside antibodies by immunodot blot and elisa . None of the patients had onconeural antibodies . They were compared with 41 normal subjects and 187 patients with metabolic or idiopathic neuropathies . antiganglioside antibodies , mainly IgM anti GM1 , were more frequently found in the patients with cancer than in the control groups . however , the levels of antibodies were not different from those of the controls . there was no correlation with the pattern of the neuropathy . these results do not support the hypothesis that antiganglioside antibodies are frequent and major immunological targets in paraneoplastic neuropathies .

Antinuclear antibodies define a subgroup of paraneoplastic neuropathies : clinical and immunological data. (2005 Nov)
antinuclear antibodies define a subgroup of paraneoplastic neuropathies : clinical and immunological data . objective : paraneoplastic neuropathy is a clinical and immunological heterogeneous disorder and attempts have been made to classify subgroups of this disease . Only 30 50 of the clinical defined cases have antineuronal antibodies . methods : The clinical and immunological features of 36 patients with paraneoplastic neuropathy from the authors database were analysed including the type and course of the neuropathy , associated tumours , and the presence of antineuronal and other autoantibodies . results : antineuronal antibodies were detected in 17 / 36 patients ( 47 ) and anti Hu was the most frequent antineuronal antibody . Nine patients had high titre antinuclear antibodies ( ANA , median titre 1 / 1000 ) without antineuronal antibodies . ANA reactivities were different in most patients . comparison of the ANA positive and ANA negative patients revealed that ANA positive paraneoplastic neuropathy is more frequently associated with breast cancer but is not associated with lung cancer ( p 0 . 05 ) . The main clinical type in these patients was sensorimotor neuropathy . No ANA positive patient had central nervous system involvement . although the rankin score at the time of diagnosis was not different , the functional outcome in ANA positive patients was better than in ANA negative patients ( p 0 . 05 ) . conclusions : paraneoplastic neuropathy is a heterogeneous disorder . ANA may define a subgroup of paraneoplastic neuropathy with …

Paraneoplastic neuropathies RARE AND inaugural : paraneoplastic neuropathies ( PN ) are rare , affecting approximately 4 5 of patients … (2000 Apr)
paraneoplastic neuropathies RARE AND inaugural : paraneoplastic neuropathies ( PN ) are rare , affecting approximately 4 5 of patients with cancer . their diagnosis is difficult because the clinical picture is nonspecific and because the neuropathy precedes the discovery of the cancer in a majority of patients . subacute sensory neuropathy ( SSN ) : initially described by denny brown , subacute sensory neuropathy is characterized by a severe inflammatory loss of the dorsal roots ganglia . The clinical hallmark is a severe , asymmetric sensory neuropathy progressing over a few weeks to months until the patient is bedridden . The underlying cancer is most often a small cell lung cancer ( SCLC ) and the presence of anti Hu antibodies is almost specific of SSN associated with SCLC . motor neuron diseases : motor neuron diseases are rarely of paraneoplastic origin save for subacute sensory neuropathy associated with hodgkin s disease . sensorimotor neuropathies : sensorimotor neuropathies are the most frequent PN but constitute a hetereogeneous group . acute guillain barré syndrome occurs in patients with hodgkin s syndrome . paraneoplastic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy probably exists during lymphomas and carcinomas but a fortuitous association has not been formally excluded . paraneolastic peripheral nerve microvasculitis often presents as mononeuritis multiplex and complicates mainly lymphoma and SCLC . other PN are generally of the chronic and axonal type . among them are the so called terminal neuropathies which are linked to weight loss . autonomic neuropathies : autonomic neuropathis …

Autoantibodies associated with peripheral neuropathy. (1999 Aug)
autoantibodies associated with peripheral neuropathy . High titers of serum antibodies to neural antigens occur in several forms of neuropathy . these include neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathy , inflammatory polyneuropathies , and paraneoplastic neuropathies . The antibodies frequently react with glycosylated cell surface molecules , including glycolipids , glycoproteins , and glycosaminoglycans , but antibodies to intracellular proteins have also been described . there are several correlations between antibody specificity and clinical symptoms , such as anti MAG antibodies with demyelinating sensory or sensorimotor neuropathy , anti GM1 ganglioside antibodies with motor nerve disorders , antibodies to gangliosides containing disialosyl moieties with sensory ataxic neuropathy and miller fisher syndrome , and antibodies to the neuronal nuclear Hu antigens with paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy . these correlations suggest that the neuropathies may be caused by the antibodies , but evidence for a causal relationship is stronger in some examples than others . In this review , we discuss the origins of the antibodies , evidence for and against their involvement in pathogenic mechanisms , and the implications of these findings for therapy .

Breast cancer and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. (1991 Oct)
breast cancer and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration . Of the remote effects of cancer on the neurologic system , paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration ( PCD ) , characterized by global cerebellar dysfunction , is second only to paraneoplastic neuropathies in frequency . recent evidence , including the finding of anti purkinje cell ( now termed anti Yo ) antibodies directed against specific protein antigens shared by purkinje s and tumor cells , supports an autoimmune etiology for this disorder . increasingly , a link between breast cancer and PCD is being recognized . The authors report a case , as well as a comprehensive overview , of 62 women with breast cancer and PCD , identified through a medline ( national library of medicine , washington , DC ) computer search ( 1966 to 1991 ) and comprehensive reference follow up of the medical literature . The current understanding of the pathophysiology of PCD , with particular emphasis upon those features both salient and unique to breast cancer , is discussed . whereas PCD will affect only a small number of patients with breast cancer , recognition of this syndrome is important . Anti purkinje cell ( anti Yo ) antibody titers are now commercially available through several reference laboratories , and a serum anti purkinje cell antibody titer will assist in establishing the diagnosis . presence of consistent symptoms and elevated titers of anti Yo antibodies should prompt a search for an otherwise occult , and potentially treatable , malignancy . …

Synaptophysin is an autoantigen in paraneoplastic neuropathy. (2008 Jun)
synaptophysin is an autoantigen in paraneoplastic neuropathy . paraneoplastic neurological syndromes ( PNS ) are often associated with antineuronal autoantibodies and many of them could be identified in the recent years . however , there are still new antineuronal binding patterns with yet unidentified autoantigens . We here describe a new autoantibody associated with paraneoplastic sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy in a patient with small cell lung cancer . In indirect immunofluorescence test , the patient s serum colocalised with the synaptic protein synaptophysin in the cerebellum and myenteric plexus of the gut . immunoblotting showed a 38 kDa reactivity , which is also the molecular weight of synaptophysin . therefore a western Blot with recombinant synaptophysin has been used and revealed reactivity of the serum against synaptophysin . In patients with non paraneoplastic neuropathies or healthy controls , anti synaptophysin autoantibodies were not detectable . In 20 SCLC patients without neurological syndromes , two patients had low titer anti synaptophysin autoantibodies . The patient s serum and IgG fraction showed cytotoxicity to primary cultured myenteric plexus neurons . We conclude that synaptophysin is an autoantigen in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes .

Paraneoplastic neuropathies. (1993 Sep)
paraneoplastic neuropathies .

Carcinoma associated paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies in patients with and without anti onconeural antibodies. (1999 Aug)
carcinoma associated paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies in patients with and without anti onconeural antibodies . objective : When to suspect a paraneoplastic disorder is a puzzling problem that has not recently been studied in a large series of patients referred for peripheral neuropathy . methods : From 422 consecutive patients with peripheral neuropathy , 26 were analysed who concomitantly had carcinoma but no tumorous infiltration , drug toxicity , or cachexia . their clinical , pathological , and electrophysiological data were analysed according to the presence of anti onconeural antibodies , the latency between presentation and cancer diagnosis , and the incidence of carcinoma in the corresponding types of neuropathy of the population of 422 patients . results : seven patients ( group I ) had anti onconeural antibodies ( six anti Hu , one anti CV2 ) and 19 did not ( groups IIA and B ) . In group I , subacute sensory neuropathy ( SSN ) was the most frequent but other neuropathies including demyelinating neuropathies were present . patients in group II A had a short latency ( mean 7 . 88 months ) , and a rapidly and usually severe neuropathy which corresponded in 11 / 14 to an established inflammatory disorder including neuropathy with encephalomyelitis , mononeuritis multiplex , and acute or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( CIDP ) . patients in group IIB had a long latency ( mean 8 . 4 years ) and a very chronic disorder corresponding in four of five …

Gangliosides act as onconeural antigens in paraneoplastic neuropathies. (2004 Oct)
gangliosides act as onconeural antigens in paraneoplastic neuropathies . We describe two patients with progressive neuropathy and lung cancer in whom gangliosides ( GS ) may represent the oncoantigens . patient 1 had motor neuropathy , high titers of IgG1 and IgG3 to GD1a and GM1 , and expansion of circulating gamma delta T lymphocytes , a T cell subset responding to glycolipids . patient 2 presented with miller fisher like syndrome and IgG3 activity to disialo GS . In both cases , decreased autoimmune responses and stabilization of neuropathy were accomplished by tumor treatment . By immunohistochemistry , patient 1 s IgG bound to his own tumor and to structures of normal nervous system expressing GD1a or GM1 . infiltration of IgG in the same neural structures was found at his autopsy . regarding cellular immunity , the proportion of gamma delta T lymphocytes infiltrating carcinoma from patient 1 was significantly higher than in neoplastic controls . these results indicate that GS may represent onconeural antigens in paraneoplastic neuropathy ( PNN ) ; their expression on neoplastic tissue may elicit autoimmune responses , which also target neural structures .