Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. (2005 Feb)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis . paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis ( PLE ) is a rare neurological consequence of a variety of cancers , most commonly originating from lung , breast and testis . The aetiology is believed to be immune mediated , caused by tumour induced autoimmunity launching an attack against one s own central nervous system . The patient may present with amnesia , depression , anxiety , seizures and / or personality changes . The onset of these symptoms may precede the diagnosis of malignancy by a period of up to 2 years . The malignancy may be occult and unless the syndrome is recognised , it may fail to be detected . The diagnosis of PLE is suggested by the clinical picture , MRI evidence of mesial temporal lobe abnormality and CSF abnormalities such as the presence of oligoclonal bands . It may be further supported by the presence of paraneoplastic antibodies in the serum . immunosuppression has been tried in some cases but memory impairment is often irreversible . there are several case reports in the literature of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis but few emphasise the resulting impact that this may have on the patient s quality of life and their carers . The accompanying amnesia is often far more distressing to the carers , who are aware of the limitations of treatment of the underlying malignancy . hospices offer the appropriate palliative environment for such patients as well as physical and psychological respite to the carers .

Reversible paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. (1993 Dec)
reversible paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis .

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with immature ovarian teratoma a case report. (1998 May)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with immature ovarian teratoma a case report . paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis ( PLE ) is a remote , nonmetastatic complication of carcinoma . neuropsychiatric symptoms usually predate the diagnosis of cancer by 3 months to 6 years and very rarely the symptoms develop after the diagnosis of malignancy . We report the first case of limbic encephalitis associated with an immature ovarian teratoma . within the month following the diagnosis of the tumor with pathologic stage Ia , somewhat acutely she developed neuropsychiatric symptoms that was exclusively a limbic disorder with impairments in almost every realm of limbic function . This case may show us that it is important to recognize the neuropsychiatric symptoms of PLE as the first manifestation of a very small malignant ovarian tumor and to aggressively try to identify the underlying cancer .

MR imaging of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. (1990 Mar)
MR imaging of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis . paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare disorder that has been previously diagnosed on clinical and pathologic grounds without good radiologic correlation . We present the case of a 42 year old woman who developed gradually progressive limbic dysfunction 4 years after undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer . although CT scans were normal , magnetic resonance ( MR ) imaging showed signal abnormalities in the medial portions of both temporal lobes , the amygdaloid nuclei , and the hypothalamus . An MR guided temporal lobe biopsy confirmed the presence of encephalitis .

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and epidermoid carcinoma of the pyriform paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a syndrome characterised by behaviour changes , … (2006 Oct)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and epidermoid carcinoma of the pyriform paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a syndrome characterised by behaviour changes , short term memory loss and seizures . We report on a case of a 62 year old man , ex smoker who was admitted to the intensive Care Unit with seizures , and who had previously experienced behaviour changes . tests revealed nothing notable , except for the CSF examination which revealed elevated protein and MRI findings indicating temporal lobe abnormalities . Once other diagnoses had been ruled out , neoplasm screening was initiated . conventional imaging failed to identify the tumour . antineuronal anti Hu antibodies were negative . finally , fluorodeoxyglucose ( FDG ) whole body PET imaging was carried out revealing a pathologically increased glucose metabolism at the pharynx larynx level . The biopsy showed an epidermoid carcinoma of the pyriform sinus . To the best of our knowledge , this is the first reported case of an epidermoid carcinoma of the pyriform sinus associated with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis .

A clinicopathological study of a patient with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis , myelitis , sensory neuropathy and cerebellar degeneration , associated … (1993 Oct)
A clinicopathological study of a patient with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis , myelitis , sensory neuropathy and cerebellar degeneration , associated with a unique antineuronal antibody clinicopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in a patient with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis , myelitis , sensory neuropathy and cerebellar degeneration secondary to small cell lung cancer . A 67 year old male smoker developed orthostatic dizziness 6 months prior to admission . Over the following months , his wife noticed that he became forgetful and confused . Over the next three weeks , he became unable to sit or stand unaided and admitted to our service . On admission , he was lethargic and disoriented in time and place . neurological examination revealed marked limb weakness with distal dominant muscle atrophy . A chest radiograph demonstrated a mass in the right middle lobe and a bronchial biopsy revealed a small cell carcinoma . CT scan and MRI of the brain revealed abnormalities in the bilateral medial temporal lobes and putamen . He was treated with anti cancer chemotherapy , but died of respiratory failure after 13 months illness . postmortem examination showed a mass in the right middle lobe of the lung . No tumor metastases were noted in the nervous tissue . microscopical examinations of the nervous system revealed neuronal loss , astrogliosis and perivascular and parenchymatous lymphocytic infiltration in the hippocampus , subiculum , amygdala , putamen , medulla oblongata , spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia . Loss of purkinje cells …

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. (1973 Nov)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis . anatomo clinical study of 2 cases

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (2004 Mar)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis : diagnostic relevance of CSF analysis and total body PET scanning. (2004 Oct)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis : diagnostic relevance of CSF analysis and total body PET scanning . We report two cases of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis ( PLE ) that differed in their clinical patterns , the underlying tumours , and the associated paraneoplastic antibodies . The first patient was a young adult male , with anti MA 2 antibodies and testicular tumour . The clinical picture was restricted to limbic involvement . The second patient was a 56 year old , female heavy smoker ; with seizures and depression , but also vertigo and diplopia . A low level of serum anti Hu antibodies led to the detection of a small cell lung carcinoma by total body PET scanning . In both cases , intrathecal synthesis of CSF oligoclonal IgG bands and of the corresponding paraneoplastic antibodies was demonstrated .

A case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in autoptic occult primary malignancy We report a case of limbic encephalitis in a … (1994 Dec)
A case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in autoptic occult primary malignancy We report a case of limbic encephalitis in a 71 year old male who presented with amnesia , confusion and disorientation . The patient s history of long standing alcoholism suggested the diagnosis of korsakow syndrome . autopsy , however , revealed a regional lymph node metastasis of a small cell bronchial carcinoma . No primary malignoma could be detected . these findings indicate that in cases of limbic encephalitis without detectable primary malignoma a paraneoplastic syndrome cannot be excluded . This has to be taken into consideration when discussing the etiology of limbic encephalitis ( paraneoplastic versus virus induced ) .

Asessment of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in testicular cancer. (2003 Jul)
asessment of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in testicular cancer .

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis should not be overlooked as a possible cause of delirium in cancer patients. (2000 Oct)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis should not be overlooked as a possible cause of delirium in cancer patients .

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. (2005 May)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis .

Focal paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis presenting as orgasmic epilepsy. (2005 May)
focal paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis presenting as orgasmic epilepsy . purpose : To report orgasmic epilepsy as a manifestation of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a patient with small cell lung cancer . CASE report : A 57 years old woman presented with 2 month history of daily spells that consisted of a sudden pleasure provoking feeling described like an orgasm lasting for 30 s to 1 min . She was a heavy smoker and had noted recent weight loss . bronchial biopsy , following the finding of a right lung mass , confirmed the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer ( SCLC ) . spells subsided after starting carbamazepine . The lung cancer was treated with chemotherapy and chest radiation therapy resulting in a complete radiologic response . results : brain magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) revealed left temporal lobe area of increased signal on T2 and flair sequence . T1 weighted images after contrast administration demonstrated a circumscribed area of enhancement in the left anterior medial temporal lobe . electroencephalogram ( EEG ) showed focal left mid temporal sharp waves and intermittent slowing . Anti Hu antibodies were detected in her serum supporting a diagnosis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis as the cause of her orgasmic epilepsy . The patient has been followed for 2 years after treatment without tumor recurrence or neurological deterioration . conclusion : orgasmic epilepsy is another mode of presentation of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis leading to the diagnosis of an occult SCLC . EEG and MRI …

Neuropsychological functioning in a patient with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. (1997 Dec)
neuropsychological functioning in a patient with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis . A 54 year old woman with clinically diagnosed paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis secondary to adenocarcinoma of the lung is described . neuropsychological evaluation revealed intact visual perception , visual construction , language , speeded processing , and verbal abstract reasoning in the presence of a severe anterograde amnesia for both verbal and visual information . A profound consolidation problem is discussed in view of other diseases of the mesial temporal lobes resulting in impaired consolidation of new material .

Reversible paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis caused by a benign ovarian teratoma : report of a case and review of literatures. (2006 Nov)
reversible paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis caused by a benign ovarian teratoma : report of a case and review of literatures .

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with epidermoid lung carcinoma paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare clinical entity , most often associated … (2005 Oct)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with epidermoid lung carcinoma paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare clinical entity , most often associated with small cell lung cancer . We report a case of a 54 year old man presenting status epilepticus , cognitive dysfunction and loss of short term memory associated with epidermoid lung carcinoma . CT scan was normal whereas MRI revealed hyperintensities on T2WI and flair images in the temporolimbic regions . treatment of the primary tumour was followed by neurological improvement .

Complicated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes : a report of two patients with small cell or non small cell lung cancer. (2003 Dec)
complicated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes : a report of two patients with small cell or non small cell lung cancer . paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are frequently associated in patients with small cell lung cancer ( SCLC ) and antineuronal antibodies are involved in the autoimmune mechanism . multiple syndromes are sometimes complicated in a single patient with SCLC . however , little is known about non SCLC associated neurological manifestations . We report two patients with complicated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes . patient 1 showed paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis ( PLE ) , paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy ( PSN ) and lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome ( LEMS ) associated with SCLC . patient 2 developed opsoclonus ataxia and probable PLE associated with non SCLC . analysis of various antineuronal antibodies revealed that anti Hu and P / Q type voltage gated calcium channel ( VGCC ) antibodies were positive in patient 1 but any antibodies were not in patient 2 . brain MRI demonstrated high intensity signals in temporal lobes particularly on fluid attenuated inversion recovery ( flair ) or diffusion weighted images . these findings suggest that complicated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes occur in non SCLC as well as SCLC and that unidentified antineuronal autoantibodies may underlie the pathophysiology .

Immunologic and clinical study of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis objective : To probe into the pathogenic mechanisms of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis … (2001 Nov)
immunologic and clinical study of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis objective : To probe into the pathogenic mechanisms of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis ( PLE ) in patients with small cell lung carcinoma ( SCLC ) . methods : The indirect immunoperoxidase method and western blot analysis were used for detecting anti Hu antibodies in 16 PLE patients associated with SCLC . autopsy and pathological study were performed on two cases . results : eight patients ( 50 ) had anti Hu antibodies ( anti Hu ) whereas eight patients ( 50 ) no detectable antineuronal antibodies ( anti Hu ) . The clinical and laboratory features of PLE and time to diagnosis of SCLC were similar in the anti Hu and anti Hu groups . involvement of other areas of the nervous system in seven ( 87 . 5 ) patients of the anti Hu group but in only one ( 12 . 5 ) of the anti Hu group ( P 0 . 012 ) . conclusions : The presence of this characteristic neurological disorder strongly suggested that with an accompanying SCLC , existence of anti Hu autoantibody was in favour of an autoimmune mechanism participating in PLE .

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a teenage girl with an immature ovarian teratoma. (2005 Jun)
paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a teenage girl with an immature ovarian teratoma . paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis ( PLE ) is an unusual disorder that is characterized by the association of clinical limbic system abnormalities with neoplasia , usually malignancy . It has rarely been reported in children and then manifests during the teenage years . diagnosis is often delayed , especially when the tumor has not been recognized . In adults , the diagnosis can be revealed by the presence of antineuronal antibodies . We describe an unusual case of behavioral disturbance leading rapidly to coma in a 14 year old girl with CSF pleocytosis who was found 10 weeks later to have an immature ovarian teratoma . although her symptoms eventually improved slightly after tumor excision , she died while in rehabilitation . PLE is an important diagnosis to consider in the teenage girl with symptoms of a progressive limbic disorder and CSF pleocytosis , and whose brain MR imaging demonstrates no abnormality or mild T2 weighted temporal lobe signal abnormality . When this constellation of findings presents in a teenage girl , the possibility of an underlying ovarian teratoma should be considered .