High sensitivity C reactive protein in japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. (2005 Nov)
High sensitivity C reactive protein in japanese patients with type 2 diabetes . objective : To assess the relationship between high sensitivity ( HS ) C reactive protein ( CRP ) and metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) or atherosclerosis and to assess effects of strict metabolic control on the degree of inflammation and MetS in patients with type 2 diabetes . research methods AND procedures : Four hundred thirteen patients with diabetes were enrolled in the cross sectional study . Of these 413 patients , 161 patients were further admitted for 2 . 4 / 0 . 4 weeks ( mean / SD ) to investigate the change in HS CRP or other parameters under strict metabolic control . results : Log transformed HS CRP value ( log HS CRP ) was strongly correlated with BMI ( r 0 . 448 , p 0 . 01 ) . Log HS CRP was also correlated with the presence of MetS or each component of MetS . furthermore , a positive significant trend in HS CRP levels was shown with an increasing number of MetS components ( p 0 . 05 ) . Log HS CRP showed a significant positive correlation with carotid artery intima media thickness ( IMT ) ( r 0 . 152 , p 0 . 01 ) . In multiple step wise regression analysis , BMI , hemoglobin A ( 1c ) , right IMT , duration of diabetes , and triglyceride were selected as explanatory variables for …

Serum C reactive protein in early diagnosis of bacterial infections in premature infants. (1984 Nov)
serum C reactive protein in early diagnosis of bacterial infections in premature infants . serum C reactive protein ( CRP ) is known to be produced by full term infants and children in many diseases causing severe inflammation . We examined the usefulness of CRP as an early indicator of bacterial infection in premature newborn infants . CRP was obtained from 100 patients enrolled in a prospective study . All babies were suspected of having bacterial infection ( meningitis septicaemia ) because of complications during pregnancy and / or symptoms suggestive of infection during the perinatal period . CRP was measured with the radial immunodiffusion technique . examinations were done daily as long as elevated serum CRP levels were found . 100 ( 6 / 6 ) of our patients with culture proven bacterial infections showed elevated CRP values within 24 h after the first clinical or laboratory signs suggesting sepsis . In 52 . 3 ( 11 / 21 ) of cases most probably suffering from infection , CRP rose within 72 h after the appearance of other symptoms . Even extremely immature infants were able to react with elevated CRP concentrations . Peak values of CRP were independent of birth weight . On the other hand , only 2 . 7 ( 2 / 73 ) of babies without findings of infection had slightly elevated amounts of CRP for a short time . Thus , serum CRP levels are a helpful parameter for the early diagnosis of severe …

C reactive protein , inflammation , and coronary risk. (2003 Nov)
C reactive protein , inflammation , and coronary risk . advancements in understanding of the pathobiology of atherothrombosis have implicated inflammation as a central contributor to the progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease . epidemiologic data demonstrate an association between the inflammatory marker hs CRP and risk for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among those at high risk or with documented vascular disease . moreover , a series of prospective studies provides consistent data documenting that mild elevation of baseline levels of hs CRP among apparently healthy individuals is associated with higher long term risk for future cardiovascular events . among men and women , this predictive capacity of hs CRP is independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and offers a prognostic advantage over measurement of lipids alone . further , observations from the PHS and CARE trial suggest that the increased risk associated with systemic inflammation may be modified with certain preventive therapies and that inflammatory markers such as hs CRP may help to identify those who would benefit most from these pharmacologic interventions . given that high throughput assays for inflammatory markers , including hs CRP , are likely to become available for clinical use , carefully designed studies are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hs CRP as a new marker to stratify cardiovascular risk . further , prospective , randomized trials are important to test directly the value of inflammatory markers in targeting specific preventive therapies . finally , it is still undetermined as to whether …

C reactive protein , inflammation , and coronary risk : an update. (2003 Nov)
C reactive protein , inflammation , and coronary risk : an update . The recognition that inflammation is closely related to atherothrombosis , diabetes , and the metabolic syndrome , represents an enormously important advance in medical science . The prevention community initially took a very cautious approach to recommending CRP measurements , in part because of the variable quality of assays ; the advent of high sensitivity CRP measurements and the remarkable research output from ridker s lab and many others , has demonstrated that this inflammatory marker can provide useful prognostic information , and has contributed a great deal to our understanding of pathobiology . normal values have been established , and high sensitivity CRP assays are widely available ; it is likely that CRP measurements will become increasingly used by physicians to assess vascular risk and potentially to guide therapy . measurements of CRP in active clinical syndromes , such as coronary artery disease patients with vascular disease or congestive heart failure , would appear at this time to have little useful purpose outside of clinical research studies . We must remember that CRP is but one of many inflammatory markers ; nevertheless , the database supporting CRP measurements is far greater than for any of the other markers , and the widely available hs CRP assay makes it extremely attractive to pursue the conundrum of inflammation and athersclerosis with vigor .

The relationship between blood pressure and C reactive protein in the multi ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( MESA ). (2005 Nov)
The relationship between blood pressure and C reactive protein in the multi ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( MESA ) . objectives : The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between resting blood pressure ( BP ) and C reactive protein ( CRP ) in a multi ethnic cohort of men and women from the multi ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( MESA ) . background : several investigators have observed elevated levels of CRP in individuals with hypertension . hypertension prevalence varies considerably across ethnic groups . important questions remain regarding whether the relationship between hypertension and CRP is similar across ethnic and gender subgroups . methods : The MESA participants had CRP levels determined at the baseline clinical examination ( N 6 , 814 ) . hypertension , treated as a dichotomous variable ( yes / no ) , was defined as a systolic or diastolic BP or 140 / 90 mm Hg or a self reported history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications . results : The geometric mean CRP in hypertensive participants was 2 . 3 / 0 . 07 mg / l compared with 1 . 6 / 0 . 07 mg / l among normotensive participants ( p 0 . 0001 ) . The relative difference in CRP levels in hypertensives compared with normotensives was similar regardless of gender ( 13 in men and 13 in women ) . ethnic comparisons showed that chinese participants had the lowest CRP concentration but the …

Relation of improvement in endothelium dependent flow mediated vasodilation after rosiglitazone to changes in asymmetric dimethylarginine , endothelin 1 , … (2006 Oct)
relation of improvement in endothelium dependent flow mediated vasodilation after rosiglitazone to changes in asymmetric dimethylarginine , endothelin 1 , and C reactive protein in nondiabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome . The mechanisms by which thiazolidinediones exert beneficial effects on the endothelium are still not clear . We examined the effects of rosiglitazone on the plasma markers of metabolic control ( glucose , insulin , adiponectin , resistin , and lipid profiles ) , markers of inflammation ( high sensitivity C reactive protein CRP , interleukin 6 , soluble CD40 ligand , intercellular adhesion molecule 1 , and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ) , and markers of vasoreactivity ( asymmetric dimethylarginine ADMA and endothelin 1 ) and analyzed the relations between changes in endothelium dependent flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery and changes in these markers to elucidate their roles in mediating the vascular protective effects of rosiglitazone . Of 70 nondiabetic patients who met a modified national cholesterol education program definition of the metabolic syndrome , 35 were randomized to receive rosiglitazone ( 4 mg / day ) and 35 to receive placebo for 8 weeks . At study end , treatment with rosiglitazone had significantly reduced plasma insulin ( 25 , p 0 . 004 ) and resistin ( 16 , p 0 . 001 ) , increased adiponectin ( 164 , p 0 . 001 ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( 16 , p 0 . 005 ) , and apolipoprotein B ( …

Inflammatory markers in age related maculopathy : cross sectional analysis from the muenster aging and retina study. (2005 Nov)
inflammatory markers in age related maculopathy : cross sectional analysis from the muenster aging and retina study . objective : To evaluate recent reports indicating that plasma levels of fibrinogen and high sensitivity C reactive protein ( CRP ) are associated with age related maculopathy ( ARM ) . methods : From the baseline examinations of the muenster aging and retina study , a cohort of 1060 subjects aged 59 to 82 years was assembled . Of these , 873 persons ( 82 ) with bilateral gradable fundus photographs and complete data on fibrinogen , CRP , and potential confounders were included in a cross sectional analysis . The main outcome measure was the association among fibrinogen , CRP , and ARM as assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis . results : fibrinogen and CRP levels were higher among participants with early and late ARM than among those without ARM . The crude odds ratios for ARM between the highest vs the lowest quartile were 1 . 90 ( 95 confidence interval CI , 1 . 29 2 . 80 ) for fibrinogen and 1 . 43 ( 95 CI , 0 . 97 2 . 10 ) for CRP . after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors , these odds ratios were 1 . 37 for fibrinogen ( 95 CI , 0 . 91 2 . 06 ) and 1 . 12 ( 95 CI , 0 . 73 1 . 73 ) for CRP . conclusions : after adjustment …

The metabolic syndrome and concentrations of C reactive protein among U. (2005 Mar)
The metabolic syndrome and concentrations of C reactive protein among U . S . youth . objective : adults with the metabolic syndrome show biochemical evidence of low grade inflammation . We sought to examine whether this is true among U . S . youth with the metabolic syndrome . research design AND methods : We used data from 1 , 366 participants aged 12 17 years from the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999 2000 . A modification of the definition of the metabolic syndrome proposed by the third report of the national cholesterol education program expert panel on detection , evaluation , and treatment of High blood cholesterol in adults was used . C reactive protein ( CRP ) was measured by latex enhanced nephelometry . results : Mean and median concentrations of CRP were higher among participants who had the metabolic syndrome ( mean 3 . 8 mg / l , geometric mean 1 . 8 mg / l ) than among those who did not ( mean 1 . 4 mg / l , geometric mean 0 . 4 mg / l ) . The percentage of participants with a concentration of CRP 3 . 0 mg / l was 38 . 4 among those with the metabolic syndrome and 10 . 3 among those without the syndrome ( P 0 . 007 ) . Of the five components of the syndrome , only abdominal obesity was significantly and independently associated with log transformed concentrations …

Sublytic complement attack exposes C reactive protein binding sites on cell membranes. (1994 May)
sublytic complement attack exposes C reactive protein binding sites on cell membranes . C reactive protein ( CRP ) is an acute phase serum protein synthesized by the liver . CRP has been localized to acute inflammatory sites and has been postulated to facilitate the removal of damaged cells . CRP binds to a number of ligands that may be present in inflammatory sites , and the extent to which individual ligands are involved in its binding to tissue sites is unknown . complement activation is important in the tissue damage in many inflammatory conditions causing cell membrane damage and recruitment of inflammatory cells . This paper describes the binding of CRP to complement damaged cell membranes . Raji cells activate the alternative complement pathway resulting in the deposition of C3b and membrane attack complexes ( MAC ) on the cell membrane . however , Raji cells are relatively resistant to killing by human complement . treatment of Raji cells with human serum led to calcium dependent phosphocholine inhibitable CRP binding . CRP binding was eliminated by depletion of C3 , C5 , or C8 and reduced by depletion of C9 from serum . CRP binding preceded cell death and co localized with MAC on cell membranes . CRP binding to complement treated liposomes required phosphatidylcholine in addition to the MAC indicating that membrane phospholipids rather than the MAC proteins provide the binding sites for CRP . however , for both liposomes and Raji cells disruption of the lipid bilayer …

Dialysis water treated by reverse osmosis decreases the levels of C reactive protein in uremic patients. (2005 May)
dialysis water treated by reverse osmosis decreases the levels of C reactive protein in uremic patients . atherosclerosis is a major complication of chronic renal failure . microinflammation is involved in atherogenesis and is associated with uremia and dialysis . The role of dialysate water contamination in inducing inflammation has been debated . Our aim was to study inflammatory markers in patients on chronic dialysis , before and 3 to 6 months after switching the water purification system from deionization to reverse osmosis . patients had demographic , clinical and nutritional information collected and blood drawn for determination of albumin , ferritin , C reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin 6 , and tumor necrosis factor alpha in both situations . acceptable levels of water purity were less than 200 colony forming units of bacteria and less than 1 ng / ml of endotoxin . sixteen patients died . They had higher median CRP ( 26 . 6 vs 11 . 2 mg / dl , P 0 . 007 ) and lower median albumin levels ( 3 . 1 vs 3 . 9 g / l , P 0 . 05 ) compared to the 31 survivors . eight patients were excluded because of obvious inflammatory conditions . From the 23 remaining patients ( mean age / SD : 51 . 3 / 13 . 9 years ) , 18 had a decrease in CRP after the water treatment system was changed . overall , median CRP was …

A hypothesis resolving the apparently disparate activities of native and altered forms of human C reactive protein. (1993 Jul)
A hypothesis resolving the apparently disparate activities of native and altered forms of human C reactive protein . although C reactive protein ( CRP ) has been studied for over 60 years , the in vivo function of this acute phase reactant has not been clearly defined . The literature on CRP has been divided here into three categories : the cyclic , pentameric blood borne form of CRP termed native CRP which has activities mainly associated with the resolution of inflammation , conformationally altered and aggregated forms of CRP which display pro inflammatory properties , and proteolytic forms of CRP exhibiting mixed activities . since the activities of certain forms of CRP in some cases contradict others , a hypothesis has been developed which reconciles these differences . It is proposed that distinct species of CRP are formed which have unique activities at an inflammatory site ; conformationally altered and proteolytic forms of CRP are created in succession from bound native CRP at the inflammatory site due to local conditions ( e . g . lowered pH , oxygen radicals , or possibly enzymes ) . aggregated and / or conformationally altered forms of CRP initially promote inflammation , and subsequently produced peptide products either up or down regulate different leukocyte activities to aid in the progression of the inflammatory event . As the local conditions favoring the conversion of native CRP to altered forms begin to subside , native CRP then predominates at the site , facilitating the …

Impact of C reactive protein ( CRP ) on surfactant function. (1990 Jan)
impact of C reactive protein ( CRP ) on surfactant function . plasma levels of the acute phase reactant , C reactive protein ( CRP ) , increase up to one thousand fold as a result of trauma or inflammation . CRP binds to phosphorylcholine ( PC ) in a calcium ion dependent manner . The structural homology between PC and the major phospholipid component of surfactant , dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine ( DPPC ) , led to the present study in which we examined if CRP levels might be increased in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) , and subsequently interfere with surfactant function . Our results showed that CRP levels in the bronchoalveolar fluid ( BALF ) was increased in patients with ARDS ( 97 . 8 / 84 . 2 micrograms / mg total protein vs . 4 . 04 / 2 . 2 micrograms / mg total protein in normals ) . Our results show that CRP binds to liposomes containing DPPC and phosphatidylglycerol ( PG ) . As a result of this interaction , CRP inhibits the surface activity of a PG DPPC mixture when tested with a wilhelmy surfactometer or with the enhorning pulsating bubble apparatus . furthermore , the surface activity of a clinically used surfactant replacement , surfactant TA ( 2 mg / ml ) , was also severely impaired by CRP in a dose dependent manner ( doses used ranging from 24 . 5 to 1 , 175 micrograms / …

C reactive protein levels as a biomarker of inflammation and stress in the atlantic sharpnose shark ( rhizoprionodon terraenovae ) … (2004 Jun)
c reactive protein levels as a biomarker of inflammation and stress in the atlantic sharpnose shark ( rhizoprionodon terraenovae ) from three southeastern USA estuaries . circulating c reactive protein ( CRP ) levels can be used as a bioindicator of the acute phase inflammatory response and as a possible biomarker of inflammation and neurogenic stress in vertebrates . currently , there are no data describing the ranges of CRP levels in sharks living in different habitats , especially habitats of differing degrees of pollution . developing antibodies against CRP is a first and critical step towards developing sensitive methods for quantifying CRP , and thus inflammatory and stress responses in sharks . sharpnose shark , rhizoprionodon terraenovae , serum C reactive protein was purified sequentially over AH sepharose 4B PC and sepharose CL 4B columns and used to immunize balb / c mice for generating stocks of polyclonal anti sera . serum samples from 131 sharpnose sharks were collected from three different geographical regions along the coast of SC and GA , USA between June and november 2002 . total CRP concentrations were quantified by elisa and found to be highest in the sharpnose shark population collected in the summer from charleston , SC , compared to beaufort , SC and brunswick , GA . seasonal comparisons indicated a higher CRP concentration in the summer of the charleston , SC population compared to the fall . these data suggest that sharks living in the charleston , SC harbor estuary …

Insulin resistance , inflammation , and the prediabetic state. (2003 Sep)
insulin resistance , inflammation , and the prediabetic state . Type 2 diabetes is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of coronary artery disease ( CAD ) ; however , the correlation between glycemia and CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes is only modestly positive . This relatively weak association between glycemia and CAD in subjects with diabetes may be caused by the existence of an atherogenic prediabetic state . In the San antonio heart study , subjects who start with normal glucose tolerance and later develop type 2 diabetes have increased triglyceride levels , increased systolic blood pressure , and decreased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol before the onset of type 2 diabetes . The basis for these atherogenic prediabetic changes may be related to insulin resistance rather than reduced insulin secretion . recently , interest has focused on a possible role of fibrinolysis and increased subclinical inflammation , as determined by high sensitivity C reactive protein ( CRP ) levels . The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study found that insulin resistance , as determined by a frequently sampled glucose tolerance test , is significantly related to higher CRP levels , higher fibrinogen , and higher plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( PAI 1 ) levels . The investigators also have shown that high PAI 1 and CRP levels are predictors of the development of type 2 diabetes . In addition , the women s health study has shown that high CRP levels predict type 2 diabetes …

Metabolic syndrome , C reactive protein , and chronic kidney disease in nondiabetic , nonhypertensive adults. (2007 Oct)
metabolic syndrome , C reactive protein , and chronic kidney disease in nondiabetic , nonhypertensive adults . background : metabolic syndrome has been suggested as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) . inflammation is associated with both metabolic syndrome and CKD . We investigated inter relationships between C reactive protein ( CRP ) , metabolic syndrome , and CKD among 9586 subjects without diabetes or hypertension . methods : metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the revised adult treatment panel III . CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate 60 mL / min / 1 . 73 m ( 2 ) or as albuminuria . A CRP cutpoint of 3 mg / L was used to differentiate high and low CRP groups . results : chronic kidney disease was present in 6 . 2 of subjects without metabolic syndrome and in 13 . 1 of subjects with the syndrome ( P . 001 ) . In a multivariate model , high blood pressure ( BP ) ( odds ratio OR , 1 . 55 ; 95 confidence interval CI , 1 . 24 1 . 95 ) , high fasting glucose ( OR , 1 . 47 ; 95 CI , 1 . 19 1 . 81 ) , abdominal obesity ( OR , 1 . 52 ; 95 CI , 1 . 22 1 . 81 ) , and high CRP ( OR , 1 . 53 ; 95 CI , …

Significance of high C reactive protein levels in pre dialysis patients. (2002 May)
significance of high C reactive protein levels in pre dialysis patients . background : An elevated serum C reactive protein ( CRP ) has been shown to be strongly predictive of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients . however , the significance of high CRP levels in the pre dialysis period has not been studied extensively . The aim of our study was to analyse the evolution of our pre dialysis population according to their basal levels of CRP . methods : A cohort of 66 pre dialysis patients was followed for 1 year , after initial determination of serum CRP . The evolution of blood pressure ( BP ) control , CRP levels , nutritional data ( body mass index , serum albumin , prealbumin , transferrin , cholesterol ) , proteinuria , calcium phosphorus product , bicarbonate , haemoglobin ( Hb ) , the weekly dose of erythropoietin ( Epo ) / kg body weight , and the Hb / Epo dose ratio were measured and compared between patients with high ( 6 mg / l ) or low ( 6 mg / l ) CRP levels at baseline . The decline in renal function , hospitalization , and death also were measured and compared between the two groups . results : At baseline , 23 patients ( 35 ) showed high ( 6 mg / l ) CRP levels . CRP was higher in patients with a previous history of cardiovascular disease ( P 0 . 01 …

The C reactive protein. (1999 Dec)
The C reactive protein . C reactive protein ( CRP ) was identified in 1930 and was subsequently considered to be an acute phase protein , an early indicator of infectious or inflammatory conditions . since its discovery , CRP has been studied as a screening device for inflammation , a marker for disease activity , and as a diagnostic adjunct . improved methods of quantifying CRP have led to increased application to clinical medicine . In the emergency department ( ED ) , CRP must be interpreted in the clinical context ; no single value can be used to rule in or rule out a specific diagnosis . We conclude that CRP has limited utility in the ED . It may be a useful adjunct to serial examinations in equivocal presentations of appendicitis in those centers without ready access to computed tomography ( CT ) scan . It may be elevated with complications or treatment failures in patients with pneumonia , pancreatitis , pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID ) , and urinary tract infections . In patients with meningitis , neonatal sepsis , and occult bacteremia , CRP is usually elevated . however , CRP has no role in diagnosing these clinical entities , and a normal CRP level should never delay antibiotic coverage .

C reactive protein and the insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) system in relation to risk of cardiovascular disease … (2003 Sep)
C reactive protein and the insulin like growth factor ( IGF ) system in relation to risk of cardiovascular disease in different ethnic groups . inflammatory processes , marked in part by the acute phase reactant C reactive protein ( CRP ) and insulin resistance are implicated in atherogenesis . Low insulin like growth factor I ( IGF I ) and IGF binding protein 1 ( igfbp 1 ) concentrations are closely associated with insulin resistance . We examined CRP in ethnic groups with differing risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes and its relationship with insulin sensitivity ( homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA ) S ) and the IGF system . european ( n 155 ) , pakistani ( n 108 ) and african caribbean ( african caribbean ) ( n 177 ) origin participants were randomly sampled from population registers . All underwent basic anthropometry , glucose tolerance testing and measurement of insulin sensitivity , CRP and other metabolic variables . CRP was significantly lower in african caribbean men and women than in other ethnic groups . across all groups CRP correlated negatively with ( HOMA S ) ( rho 0 . 29 , P 0 . 001 ) . regression analysis which included ethnicity and body mass index ( BMI ) showed that low HOMA S ( beta 0 . 17 , P 0 . 001 ) and low igfbp 1 ( beta 0 . 14 , P 0 . 001 ) were independently and inversely …

Laboratory markers in IBD : useful , magic , or unnecessary toys ? laboratory markers have been investigated in inflammatory … (2006 Feb)
laboratory markers in IBD : useful , magic , or unnecessary toys ? laboratory markers have been investigated in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) for diagnostic and differential diagnostic purposes , for assessment of disease activity and risk of complications , for prediction of relapse , and for monitoring the effect of therapy . The introduction of biological therapies in IBD has renewed interest in inflammatory markers ( especially C reactive protein ( CRP ) ) , given their potential to select responders to these treatments . Of all the laboratory markers , CRP is the most studied and has been shown to have the best overall performance . CRP is an objective marker of inflammation and correlates well with disease activity in crohn s disease ( CD ) . increased CRP levels are associated with better response rates and normal CRP levels predict high placebo response rates in clinical trials with biologicals . however , despite the advantages of CRP over other markers , it is still far from ideal . furthermore , CRP correlates less well with disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis ( UC ) as compared with CD . other laboratory markers , including erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , leucocyte and platelet count , albumin , and 1 acid glycoprotein ( orosomucoid ) , have been studied either less extensively in IBD or have proven to be less useful than CRP . faecal markers seem promising and may be more specific in …

Prognostic value of C reactive protein and neopterin in autologous bone marrow cells transplantation relationship between levels of C reactive … (2006 Feb)
prognostic value of C reactive protein and neopterin in autologous bone marrow cells transplantation relationship between levels of C reactive protein ( CRP ) and neopterin and changes of left ventricular function was studied in 23 patients with heart failure ( mean age 48 . 5 / 11 . 5 years ) subjected to transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells ( tabmc ) . cells were administered intracoronary irrespective of coronary revascularization ( in 11 patients ) or during angioplasty ( in 5 patients ) , intracoronary or intra cardially during aorto coronary bypass surgery ( in 7 patients ) . reverse correlation was observed between left ventricular ejection fraction ( EF ) and stroke volume ( SV ) and blood plasma levels of CRP and neopterin . efficacy of functional regeneration of the myocardium assessed 1 month after tabmc was related to blood plasma levels of CRP and neopterin before treatment . In all patients with normal initial levels of markers of inflammation EF and SV rose . among patients with initially elevated levels of CRP and neopterin more positive changes of EF and SV occurred in those subjects in whom lowering of inflammation markers took place during 1 month after tabmc .