Acute phase protein levels as an index of severity of physical injury. (1991 May)
acute phase protein levels as an index of severity of physical injury . inflammation resulting from any form of tissue injury causes an increase in plasma concentration of a number of liver derived proteins ( the acute phase reactant proteins ) , the measurement of which provides an indication of the magnitude of the inflammatory response . C reactive protein ( CRP ) is an example of an acute phase protein . although concentrations increase particularly dramatically in response to inflammation and reflect the degree of ongoing tissue damage , this method has yet to be used to assess severity of injury in traumatology and forensic medicine . The rate at which the acute phase protein response occurred after injury was therefore explored in a series of 16 patients with maxillofacial skeletal injuries and in a series of 22 age and sex matched control patients . increases in the plasma concentration of CRP were not detected until 6 12 h after injury and peaked at 48 72 h . concentration of CRP was less than 10 mgm / l in all control patients . there was significant relation between peak levels and abbreviated injury scale and injury severity scores . results suggest that this method of assessing the severity of traumatic injury deserves further investigation and may be of use clinically , medico legally and in relation to compensation awards .

The relationship between racial identity , income , stress and C reactive protein among parous women : implications for preterm … (2008 May)
The relationship between racial identity , income , stress and C reactive protein among parous women : implications for preterm birth disparity research . The persistent racial disparity in preterm birth ( PTB ) remains one of the most obvious yet poorly understood health disparities in the united states , and current evidence suggests that maternal stress , infection and inflammation may play an important role in the etiology of PTB . In this context , we assessed the complex relationships among racial identity ; socioeconomic status ( SES ) ; psychosocial factors ; and serum C reactive protein ( CRP ) , an inflammatory biomarker , among parous women in King county , WA . african american women consistently reported a higher number of stressful life events than white american women ( 4 . 6 vs . 2 . 9 , p 0 . 001 ) , as well as slightly higher levels of perceived stress and lower social support ( 24 . 7 vs . 22 . 2 , p 0 . 011 , and 3 . 4 vs . 3 . 6 , p 0 . 06 , respectively ) . In the multivariate analysis , african american race , low income status and their interaction were all independently associated with CRP ; when further adjusted for proximal psychosocial , behavioral and infectious factors , race and income associations were significantly reduced . stressful life events score was the single best proximal predictor of CRP levels ( …

Markers of inflammation are negatively correlated with serum leptin in rheumatoid arthritis. (2005 Jul)
markers of inflammation are negatively correlated with serum leptin in rheumatoid arthritis . background : leptin regulates food intake and modulates immunity and inflammation . A positive feedback mechanism has been described between tumour necrosis factor ( TNF ) and leptin , and it has been suggested that leptin potentiates inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . objective : To assess whether inflammation correlates with leptin concentrations in patients with RA , and whether anti TNF treatment modulates leptin concentrations in these patients . methods : leptin , IL6 and CRP were measured ( at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment ) in the blood of 31 patients with RA starting either anti TNF treatment or placebo , and in 18 healthy controls . results : In patients with RA , plasma leptin concentrations at baseline correlated inversely with the degree of inflammation as assessed by C reactive protein ( CRP ; r ( s ) ( 2 ) 0 . 21 , p 0 . 01 ) or interleukin ( IL ) 6 concentrations ( r ( s ) ( 2 ) 0 . 22 , p 0 . 008 ) . Mean ( SD ) leptin concentrations did not differ between patients with RA and controls ( 6 . 0 ( 4 . 6 ) v 4 . 2 ( 2 . 8 ) ng / ml in men ; 15 . 1 ( 7 . 9 ) v 13 . 4 ( 5 …

Mediating effects of inflammatory biomarkers on insulin resistance associated with obesity. (2005 Nov)
mediating effects of inflammatory biomarkers on insulin resistance associated with obesity . objective : obesity is associated with elevated levels of biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction including C reactive protein ( CRP ) , E selectin , and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 , as well as insulin resistance ( IR ) and type 2 diabetes . We tested the hypothesis that these biomarkers mediate associations among obesity , IR , and risk of diabetes . research methods AND procedures : We stratified 510 initially non diabetic women in the nurses health study cohort into four phenotypes above / below median BMI ( 27 kg / m2 ) and waist circumference ( 81 cm ) : low BMI low waist ( LBLW ; N 190 ) , low BMI high waist ( LBHW ; N 74 ) , high BMI low waist ( HBLW ; N 27 ) , and high BMI high waist ( HBHW ; N 219 ) . results : In models assessing associations of weight phenotype with IR fasting insulin ( FI ) , adjusted for age and diabetes risk factors , mean FI was higher comparing HBHW women ( 13 . 6 microu / mL , p 0 . 0001 ) and LBHW ( 11 . 5 microu / mL , p 0 . 02 ) with LBLW women ( 8 . 6 microu / mL ) ; HBLW and LBLW women were not significantly different . differences in FI levels were most strongly attenuated …

High sensitivity C reactive protein in japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. (2005 Nov)
High sensitivity C reactive protein in japanese patients with type 2 diabetes . objective : To assess the relationship between high sensitivity ( HS ) C reactive protein ( CRP ) and metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) or atherosclerosis and to assess effects of strict metabolic control on the degree of inflammation and MetS in patients with type 2 diabetes . research methods AND procedures : Four hundred thirteen patients with diabetes were enrolled in the cross sectional study . Of these 413 patients , 161 patients were further admitted for 2 . 4 / 0 . 4 weeks ( mean / SD ) to investigate the change in HS CRP or other parameters under strict metabolic control . results : Log transformed HS CRP value ( log HS CRP ) was strongly correlated with BMI ( r 0 . 448 , p 0 . 01 ) . Log HS CRP was also correlated with the presence of MetS or each component of MetS . furthermore , a positive significant trend in HS CRP levels was shown with an increasing number of MetS components ( p 0 . 05 ) . Log HS CRP showed a significant positive correlation with carotid artery intima media thickness ( IMT ) ( r 0 . 152 , p 0 . 01 ) . In multiple step wise regression analysis , BMI , hemoglobin A ( 1c ) , right IMT , duration of diabetes , and triglyceride were selected as explanatory variables for …

Serum C reactive protein in early diagnosis of bacterial infections in premature infants. (1984 Nov)
serum C reactive protein in early diagnosis of bacterial infections in premature infants . serum C reactive protein ( CRP ) is known to be produced by full term infants and children in many diseases causing severe inflammation . We examined the usefulness of CRP as an early indicator of bacterial infection in premature newborn infants . CRP was obtained from 100 patients enrolled in a prospective study . All babies were suspected of having bacterial infection ( meningitis septicaemia ) because of complications during pregnancy and / or symptoms suggestive of infection during the perinatal period . CRP was measured with the radial immunodiffusion technique . examinations were done daily as long as elevated serum CRP levels were found . 100 ( 6 / 6 ) of our patients with culture proven bacterial infections showed elevated CRP values within 24 h after the first clinical or laboratory signs suggesting sepsis . In 52 . 3 ( 11 / 21 ) of cases most probably suffering from infection , CRP rose within 72 h after the appearance of other symptoms . Even extremely immature infants were able to react with elevated CRP concentrations . Peak values of CRP were independent of birth weight . On the other hand , only 2 . 7 ( 2 / 73 ) of babies without findings of infection had slightly elevated amounts of CRP for a short time . Thus , serum CRP levels are a helpful parameter for the early diagnosis of severe …

High sensitivity C reactive protein as cardiovascular risk marker in patients with diabetes mellitus. (2006 Feb)
High sensitivity C reactive protein as cardiovascular risk marker in patients with diabetes mellitus . C reactive protein ( CRP ) is a liver derived pattern recognition molecule that is increased in inflammatory states . It rapidly increases within hours after tissue injury , and it is suggested that it is part of the innate immune system and contributes to host defense . since cardiovascular disease is at least in part an inflammatory process , CRP has been investigated in the context of arteriosclerosis and subsequent vascular disorders . based on multiple epidemiological and intervention studies , minor CRP elevation high sensitivity CRP ( hscrp ) has been shown to be associated with future major cardiovascular risk ( hscrp : 1 mg / L low risk ; 1 3 mg / L intermediate risk ; 3 10 mg / L high risk ; 10 mg / L unspecific elevation ) . It is recommended by the american heart association that patients at intermediate or high risk of coronary heart disease may benefit from measurement of hscrp with regard to their individual risk prediction . elevation of hscrp is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes development in patients with all levels of metabolic syndrome . In type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus , hemoglobin A1c significantly correlates with hscrp levels and future cardiovascular risk . Also , hscrp levels increase with the stage of beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance . Non diabetes drugs that have been shown …

An overview of inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes from the perspective of the clinical chemist. (2006 Feb)
An overview of inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes from the perspective of the clinical chemist . C reactive protein ( CRP ) , when measured by a highly sensitive method , is a measure of lowgrade , chronic inflammation and is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . CRP also has the capacity to interact with other risk factors to increase the risk for T2D and CVD . population distributions divided into tertiles provide the capacity to predict onset of T2D and associated CVD . preanalytical as well as analytical sources of variation in high sensitivity CRP ( hscrp ) measurements need to be standardized in order for CRP results to be optimally useful . The centers for disease control and prevention and the american heart association have issued guidelines for clinical usefulness of hscrp measurements . The centers for disease control and prevention has taken steps to standardize hscrp assays by evaluating secondary reference materials to be used by manufacturers to calibrate their assays .

Low serum beta carotene reflects immune activation in patients with coronary artery disease. (2003 Sep)
Low serum beta carotene reflects immune activation in patients with coronary artery disease . background AND AIM : Low serum levels of antioxidant vitamins are associated with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . An immunomodulatory effect of antioxidants has been proposed . The aim of the study was to investigate whether an increased immune response in CAD patients was associated with suppressed circulating levels of antioxidant vitamins . methods AND results : forty four men with stable angina and angiographically verified CAD were included as well as 69 healthy controls . T cell subsets in peripheral blood were quantified by 3 colour flow cytometry . C reactive protein ( CRP ) , soluble interleukin 2 receptor ( sIL 2R ) and the lipophilic antioxidants alpha tocopherol , beta carotene and lycopene were determined in serum . compared with controls , patients had signs of an enhanced inflammatory activity assessed by significantly increased levels of CRP , sIL 2R and CD4 CD25 T cell subsets . patients also had significantly lower beta carotene and lycopene levels whereas a tocopherol levels did not differ . The increased inflammatory / immune parameters in patients showed a significant inverse relationship to serum beta carotene but not to lycopene or alpha tocopherol . conclusions : Low serum beta carotene in CAD patients reflects activation of the immune system . inflammation should be considered as an important confounding factor when analysing data on beta carotene and CAD .

C reactive protein , inflammation , and coronary risk. (2003 Nov)
C reactive protein , inflammation , and coronary risk . advancements in understanding of the pathobiology of atherothrombosis have implicated inflammation as a central contributor to the progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease . epidemiologic data demonstrate an association between the inflammatory marker hs CRP and risk for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among those at high risk or with documented vascular disease . moreover , a series of prospective studies provides consistent data documenting that mild elevation of baseline levels of hs CRP among apparently healthy individuals is associated with higher long term risk for future cardiovascular events . among men and women , this predictive capacity of hs CRP is independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and offers a prognostic advantage over measurement of lipids alone . further , observations from the PHS and CARE trial suggest that the increased risk associated with systemic inflammation may be modified with certain preventive therapies and that inflammatory markers such as hs CRP may help to identify those who would benefit most from these pharmacologic interventions . given that high throughput assays for inflammatory markers , including hs CRP , are likely to become available for clinical use , carefully designed studies are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hs CRP as a new marker to stratify cardiovascular risk . further , prospective , randomized trials are important to test directly the value of inflammatory markers in targeting specific preventive therapies . finally , it is still undetermined as to whether …

C reactive protein , inflammation , and coronary risk : an update. (2003 Nov)
C reactive protein , inflammation , and coronary risk : an update . The recognition that inflammation is closely related to atherothrombosis , diabetes , and the metabolic syndrome , represents an enormously important advance in medical science . The prevention community initially took a very cautious approach to recommending CRP measurements , in part because of the variable quality of assays ; the advent of high sensitivity CRP measurements and the remarkable research output from ridker s lab and many others , has demonstrated that this inflammatory marker can provide useful prognostic information , and has contributed a great deal to our understanding of pathobiology . normal values have been established , and high sensitivity CRP assays are widely available ; it is likely that CRP measurements will become increasingly used by physicians to assess vascular risk and potentially to guide therapy . measurements of CRP in active clinical syndromes , such as coronary artery disease patients with vascular disease or congestive heart failure , would appear at this time to have little useful purpose outside of clinical research studies . We must remember that CRP is but one of many inflammatory markers ; nevertheless , the database supporting CRP measurements is far greater than for any of the other markers , and the widely available hs CRP assay makes it extremely attractive to pursue the conundrum of inflammation and athersclerosis with vigor .

The relationship between blood pressure and C reactive protein in the multi ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( MESA ). (2005 Nov)
The relationship between blood pressure and C reactive protein in the multi ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( MESA ) . objectives : The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between resting blood pressure ( BP ) and C reactive protein ( CRP ) in a multi ethnic cohort of men and women from the multi ethnic study of atherosclerosis ( MESA ) . background : several investigators have observed elevated levels of CRP in individuals with hypertension . hypertension prevalence varies considerably across ethnic groups . important questions remain regarding whether the relationship between hypertension and CRP is similar across ethnic and gender subgroups . methods : The MESA participants had CRP levels determined at the baseline clinical examination ( N 6 , 814 ) . hypertension , treated as a dichotomous variable ( yes / no ) , was defined as a systolic or diastolic BP or 140 / 90 mm Hg or a self reported history of hypertension and use of antihypertensive medications . results : The geometric mean CRP in hypertensive participants was 2 . 3 / 0 . 07 mg / l compared with 1 . 6 / 0 . 07 mg / l among normotensive participants ( p 0 . 0001 ) . The relative difference in CRP levels in hypertensives compared with normotensives was similar regardless of gender ( 13 in men and 13 in women ) . ethnic comparisons showed that chinese participants had the lowest CRP concentration but the …

Relation of improvement in endothelium dependent flow mediated vasodilation after rosiglitazone to changes in asymmetric dimethylarginine , endothelin 1 , … (2006 Oct)
relation of improvement in endothelium dependent flow mediated vasodilation after rosiglitazone to changes in asymmetric dimethylarginine , endothelin 1 , and C reactive protein in nondiabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome . The mechanisms by which thiazolidinediones exert beneficial effects on the endothelium are still not clear . We examined the effects of rosiglitazone on the plasma markers of metabolic control ( glucose , insulin , adiponectin , resistin , and lipid profiles ) , markers of inflammation ( high sensitivity C reactive protein CRP , interleukin 6 , soluble CD40 ligand , intercellular adhesion molecule 1 , and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ) , and markers of vasoreactivity ( asymmetric dimethylarginine ADMA and endothelin 1 ) and analyzed the relations between changes in endothelium dependent flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery and changes in these markers to elucidate their roles in mediating the vascular protective effects of rosiglitazone . Of 70 nondiabetic patients who met a modified national cholesterol education program definition of the metabolic syndrome , 35 were randomized to receive rosiglitazone ( 4 mg / day ) and 35 to receive placebo for 8 weeks . At study end , treatment with rosiglitazone had significantly reduced plasma insulin ( 25 , p 0 . 004 ) and resistin ( 16 , p 0 . 001 ) , increased adiponectin ( 164 , p 0 . 001 ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( 16 , p 0 . 005 ) , and apolipoprotein B ( …

Up regulation of C3 , C4 , and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 co expresses with high sensitivity C reactive … (2004 Nov)
Up regulation of C3 , C4 , and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 co expresses with high sensitivity C reactive protein in familial hypoalphalipoproteinaemia : further evidence of inflammatory activation . objective : To test the working hypothesis that inflammation underlying precocious and severe coronary atherosclerotic disease in familial hypoalphalipoproteinaemia ( FH ) can be mediated by up regulation of the innate immune response . methods AND results : 52 patients with FH were compared with 52 healthy controls with regard to immune system markers such as C reactive protein ( CRP ) , soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( sicam 1 ) , C3c , and C4 . patients differed from controls in their significantly lower concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( 30 . 2 ( 4 . 0 ) v 50 . 5 ( 13 . 6 ) mg / dl , p 0 . 0001 ) and apolipoprotein A I ( 113 . 2 ( 19 . 9 ) v 148 . 7 ( 25 . 1 ) mg / dl , p 0 . 0001 ) and their higher triglyceride ( 139 . 3 ( 63 . 2 ) v 81 . 4 ( 41 . 7 ) mg / dl , p 0 . 0001 ) and CRP plasma concentrations ( median 0 . 33 mg / dl , range 0 . 02 4 . 66 mg / dl v median 0 . 07 mg / dl , range 0 . 02 0 . …

A longitudinal study of calprotectin as an inflammatory marker in patients with reactive arthritis. (1995 Jul)
A longitudinal study of calprotectin as an inflammatory marker in patients with reactive arthritis . objective : To examine the value of calprotectin , a major granulocyte protein with bactericide properties , as an inflammatory marker in patients with reactive arthritis . methods : twenty five patients with chlamydia induced and 27 patients with enterobacteria induced reactive arthritis were analysed . At the first visit and after 3 , 12 , 24 , 52 and 104 weeks , calprotectin concentrations were measured in plasma and when possible , in synovial fluid . C reactive protein ( CRP ) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) were analysed and clinical assessments of disease activity were performed . results : Of the inflammatory markers , the plasma calprotectin concentrations were the first to normalize during recovery . calprotectin concentrations in the plasma were highly correlated with CRP and ESR , and calprotectin was found to have high correlation coefficients with the clinical assessments of disease activity . High calprotectin concentrations were found in the synovial fluid . conclusion : The high correlations between calprotectin in plasma and clinical and laboratory markers of inflammation , as well as the rapid normalization following clinical improvement , demonstrate that calprotectin may be used as an inflammatory marker in patients with reactive arthritis .

Immune system activation follows inflammation in unstable angina : pathogenetic implications. (1998 Nov)
immune system activation follows inflammation in unstable angina : pathogenetic implications . objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the relations between inflammation , specific immune response and clinical course in unstable angina ( UA ) . background : several studies suggest that either inflammation and / or T cell activation might have a pathogenetic role in UA , but neither their potential reciprocal connection nor their relation to the clinical course is known . methods : serum levels of C reactive protein ( CRP ) ( inflammation ) , IgG , IgA , IgM , C3 , C4 ( humoral immunity ) , IL 2 and the percentage of CD4 , CD8 and CD3 / DR T cells ( cell mediated immunity ) were measured in 35 patients with UA and 35 patients with chronic stable angina ( CSA ) during a period of 6 months . results : The CRP levels and the main specific immune markers ( CD4 and CD3 / DR cells , IL 2 and IgM ) were higher in unstable than in stable angina . In UA , the serum levels of IgM and IL 2 and the percentage of double positive CD3 / DR significantly increased at 7 to 15 days , and returned to baseline at 6 months . The increment of circulating activated T cells ( CD3 / DR ) in UA was inversely related to the admission levels of CRP ( r 0 . 63 , p …

Alcohol consumption and inflammatory markers in older adults : the cardiovascular health study. (2004 Jun)
alcohol consumption and inflammatory markers in older adults : the cardiovascular health study . objective : We sought to determine the relation of alcohol intake and systemic inflammation in a population based sample of older adults . methods AND results : As part of the cardiovascular health study ( CHS ) , 5865 adults aged 65 years and older reported their intake of beer , wine , and liquor . We determined white blood cell count ( WBC ) , factor VIII coagulant activity ( factor viiic ) , and levels of C reactive protein ( CRP ) , fibrinogen , and albumin as markers of systemic inflammation . among participants without confirmed cardiovascular disease , alcohol consumption was inversely associated with WBC , factor viiic , and fibrinogen level , and positively associated with albumin concentration in multivariate analyses . We found no consistent modification of these results by sex , obesity , or beverage type . The relation of alcohol use and CRP levels was significantly modified by apoE genotype ( P interaction 0 . 03 ) , with a positive association among participants with an apoe4 allele ( P 0 . 05 ) , but a trend toward an inverse association among those without an apoe4 allele ( P 0 . 15 ) . conclusions : alcohol intake is associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers in older adults free of cardiovascular disease .

Association between coronary endothelial dysfunction and local inflammation of atherosclerotic coronary arteries. (2003 Sep)
association between coronary endothelial dysfunction and local inflammation of atherosclerotic coronary arteries . We have examined a possibility whether or not severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis may associate with degree of local inflammation in relation to endothelial dysfunction as is indicated by reduced NO formation . blood samples were obtained from aortic root ( Ao ) and coronary sinus ( CS ) of 39 patients who underwent coronary angiography . plasma NOx levels ( nitrite nitrate , stable NO end products ) were evaluated by HPLC griess system , and markers of inflammation , C reactive protein ( CRP ) and serum amyloid A protein ( SAA ) , were measured by latex turbidimetric immunoassay . To evaluate the changes of these substances through coronary circulation , the percentage changes of respective markers ( CS Ao ) x 100 / Ao were calculated . The extent and severity of atherosclerosis of left coronary arteries were evaluated with gensini score ( GS ) . The GS correlated with the percentage changes of NOx ( r 0 . 35 , p 0 . 05 ) and that of SAA ( r 0 . 43 , p 0 . 05 ) across coronary circulation , but not with changes in CRP . moreover , the percentage changes of NOx correlated with that of SAA ( r 0 . 36 , p 0 . 05 ) . these results indicated that severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis related to degree of local inflammation …

Inflammatory markers in age related maculopathy : cross sectional analysis from the muenster aging and retina study. (2005 Nov)
inflammatory markers in age related maculopathy : cross sectional analysis from the muenster aging and retina study . objective : To evaluate recent reports indicating that plasma levels of fibrinogen and high sensitivity C reactive protein ( CRP ) are associated with age related maculopathy ( ARM ) . methods : From the baseline examinations of the muenster aging and retina study , a cohort of 1060 subjects aged 59 to 82 years was assembled . Of these , 873 persons ( 82 ) with bilateral gradable fundus photographs and complete data on fibrinogen , CRP , and potential confounders were included in a cross sectional analysis . The main outcome measure was the association among fibrinogen , CRP , and ARM as assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis . results : fibrinogen and CRP levels were higher among participants with early and late ARM than among those without ARM . The crude odds ratios for ARM between the highest vs the lowest quartile were 1 . 90 ( 95 confidence interval CI , 1 . 29 2 . 80 ) for fibrinogen and 1 . 43 ( 95 CI , 0 . 97 2 . 10 ) for CRP . after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors , these odds ratios were 1 . 37 for fibrinogen ( 95 CI , 0 . 91 2 . 06 ) and 1 . 12 ( 95 CI , 0 . 73 1 . 73 ) for CRP . conclusions : after adjustment …

Changes of endothelium dependent vasodilation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes objective : To investigate the … (2007 Sep)
changes of endothelium dependent vasodilation in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes objective : To investigate the changes of endothelium dependent flow mediated dilation ( FMD ) in patients with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) and Type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) and its influencing factors . methods : The patients with IGT and T2DM were divided into IGT group ( n 36 ) , T2DM without vascular complication group ( DM1 ; n 57 ) , and T2DM with vascular complication group ( DM2 ; n 31 ) . And 25 normal subjects served as controls ( NC group ) . The FMD was measured by high resolution ultrasound . The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) and high sensitive C reactive protein ( hs CRP ) were detected with elisa , and nitric oxide ( NO ) with griess reaction . The serum glucose , lipids , and other indexes were also detected . results : compared with the NC group , the serum levels of triglyceride ( TG ) total cholesterol ( TC ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL C ) , hs CRP , and TNF alpha significantly increased ( P 0 . 05 ) , but the serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL C ) , the NO , and FMD significantly decreased ( P 0 . 05 ) in the IGT , DM1 , and DM2 group . With the …