Effect of intracolonic benzalkonium chloride on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in the rat. (1998 Jun)
effect of intracolonic benzalkonium chloride on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in the rat . background : We investigated the effects of benzalkonium chloride ( BAC ) on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid ( TNBS ) induced colitis in rats . methods : TNBS was administered intrarectally before and / or after BAC treatment . In the first study , the effects of treatment with BAC 6 , 12 or 24 h after TNBS were examined . In the second study , animals were treated with BAC before , after or before and after TNBS , and were examined 7 days later . The severity of colitis was assessed by macroscopic and histological scoring of the colonic damage and by determination of colonic myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity . macrophages and CD4 and CD8 T cells were examined by immunohistochemistry . results : When BAC was instilled into the colon 6 , 12 or 24 h after TNBS , weight loss and macroscopic and histological features of the colon were similar to that of controls ( TNBS alone ) . In contrast , MPO activity was significantly reduced in all three groups post treated with BAC . In the groups examined 7 days after TNBS treatment , rats post treated with BAC exhibited increased weight gain and significantly reduced macroscopic damage and MPO activity compared to the TNBS control group . Rats pre treated with BAC exhibited less macroscopic damage of the colon than rats receiving only TNBS , but histological damage …

The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in mechanical and chemical visceral hyperalgesia following experimental colitis. (2007 Sep)
The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in mechanical and chemical visceral hyperalgesia following experimental colitis . The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor ( trpv1 ) is an important nociceptor involved in neurogenic inflammation . We aimed to examine the role of trpv1 in experimental colitis and in the development of visceral hypersensitivity to mechanical and chemical stimulation . Male sprague dawley rats received a single dose of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid ( TNBS ) in the distal colon . In the preemptive group , rats received the trpv1 receptor antagonist jyl1421 ( 10 mumol / kg , i . v . ) or vehicle 15 min prior to TNBS followed by daily doses for 7 days . In the post inflammation group , rats received jyl1421 daily for 7 days starting on day 7 following TNBS . The visceromotor response ( VMR ) to colorectal distension ( CRD ) , intraluminal capsaicin , capsaicin vehicle ( pH 6 . 7 ) or acidic saline ( pH 5 . 0 ) was assessed in all groups and compared with controls and naïve rats . colon inflammation was evaluated with H E staining and myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity . trpv1 immunoreactivity was assessed in the thoraco lumbar ( TL ) and lumbo sacral ( LS ) dorsal root ganglia ( DRG ) neurons . In the preemptive vehicle group , TNBS resulted in a significant increase in the VMR to CRD , intraluminal capsaicin and acidic saline compared the jyl1421 …

Effect of oral administration of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT 1 on experimental enterocolitis in mice. (2006 Nov)
effect of oral administration of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT 1 on experimental enterocolitis in mice . butyrivibrio fibrisolvens MDT 1 , a butyrate producing strain , was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent enterocolitis . Oral administration of the MDT 1 strain ( 10 ( 9 ) CFU / dose ) alleviated the symptoms of colitis ( including body weight loss , diarrhea , bloody stool , organic disorder , and mucosal damage ) that are induced in mice drinking water that contains 3 . 0 dextran sulfate sodium . In addition , myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity levels in colonic tissue were reduced , suggesting that MDT 1 mitigates bowel inflammation . The addition of MDT 1 culture supernatant inhibited the growth of nine clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli that could potentially cause enterocolitis . infection of mice with C . coli 11580 3 , one of the isolates inhibited by MDT 1 in vitro , resulted in diarrhea , mucosal damage , increased MPO activity levels in colonic tissue , increased numbers of C . coli in the cecum , and decreased body weight gain . however , administration of MDT 1 to mice , prior to and during C . coli infection , reduced these effects . these results suggest that campylobacter induced enterocolitis can be alleviated by using B . fibrisolvens as a probiotic .

Part II : beneficial effects of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FP15 in murine models of arthritis and colitis. (2002 Dec)
Part II : beneficial effects of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FP15 in murine models of arthritis and colitis . background : peroxynitrite is a reactive oxidant species produced from nitric oxide and superoxide , which has been indirectly implicated in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory conditions including arthritis and colitis . Here , using a novel peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst , FP15 , we directly investigate the role of peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of arthritis and colitis in rodent models . methods : arthritis was induced in mice by intradermal collagen injection ; incidence and severity of arthritis was monitored using a macroscopic scoring system . At the end of the experiment paws were taken for determination of neutrophil infiltration ( myeloperoxidase MPO activity ) , oxidative stress ( malondialdehyde MDA level ) , and cytokine / chemokine levels . colitis was induced in mice by 5 dextran sodium sulfate ( DSS ) in their drinking water . colitis symptoms were assessed 10 days later , the parameters determined included body weight , rectal bleeding , colon length , colonic MPO and MDA levels , and colon histologic damage . results : treatment with FP15 significantly reduced the inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritis and colitis . FP15 reduced both the incidence and severity of arthritis in mice and this was associated with reduced paw MPO and MDA levels . similarly , in colitis , FP15 reduced colon damage , and this was associated with reduced colon neutrophil infiltration and oxidative …

Steroids reduce local inflammatory mediator secretion and mucosal permeability in collagenous colitis patients. (2006 Nov)
steroids reduce local inflammatory mediator secretion and mucosal permeability in collagenous colitis patients . AIM : To study the effect of oral steroids upon clinical response and rectal mucosa secretion of eosinophil cationic protein ( ECP ) , myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and albumin in patients with collagenous colitis ( CC ) . methods : A segmental perfusion technique was used to collect perfusates from rectum of CC patients once before and twice ( one and four weeks ) after the start of steroid treatment . clinical data was monitored and ECP , MPO , bFGF , VEGF and albumin concentrations were analyzed by immunochemical methods in perfusates and in serum . results : steroids reduced the number of bowel movements by more than five times within one week and all patients reported improved subjective well being at wk 1 and 4 . At the same time , the median concentrations of ECP , bFGF , VEGF and albumin in rectal perfusates decreased significantly . MPO values were above the detection limit in only 3 patients before treatment and in none during treatment . VEGF , bFGF , ECP and albumin concentrations correlated with each other with the exception of ECP and albumin . A decrease of serum ECP and VEGF concentrations was also seen even if the overtime reduction was not significant . conclusion : Oral steroid treatment in CC patients induced a …

Blood flow alterations in TNBS induced colitis : role of endothelin receptors. (2004 Jul)
blood flow alterations in TNBS induced colitis : role of endothelin receptors . objectives : The aim of the present study was to investigate the time dependent changes in hemodynamic parameters and to assess the role of endothelin ( ET ) receptors in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ( TNBS ) induced colitis . materials : inferior mesenteric artery ( IMA ) hemodynamics , myeloperoxidase activity ( MPO ) and damage scores were measured immediately or 1 , 3 , 5 and 14 days after colitis . treatments : another group of rats received a nonselective ET receptor antagonist bosentan ( 30 mg / kg / day ) , ET A receptor antagonist bq485 ( 60 microg / rat / day ) or ET B receptor antagonist bq788 ( 60 microg / rat / day ) prior to and on the 1st , 2nd and 3rd days after TNBS administration . results : IMA flow significantly increased at 90 min followed by a substantial decrease through days 1 5 . tissue MPO activity and macroscopic damage score increased on 1st day after the induction of colitis and remained elevated 3 , 5 and 14 days following colitis . treatment with bosentan or ET A receptor antagonist largely prevented the colitis induced reduction in blood flow and tissue injury whereas ET B receptor antagonist did not attenuate tissue injury or reductions in blood flow . conclusions : Our results demonstrate that time dependent abnormalities occur in IMA hemodynamics following TNBS administration . Our …

Glabridin , a functional compound of liquorice , attenuates colonic inflammation in mice with dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis. (2007 Dec)
glabridin , a functional compound of liquorice , attenuates colonic inflammation in mice with dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis . inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) is characterized by detrimental immune reactivity in the gut , and the imbalance between proinflammatory and anti inflammatory reactivity . The aims of this study were to determine whether oral administration of glabridin , a functional component of liquorice , could ameliorate dextran sulphate sodium ( DSS ) induced colitis , as well as to understand the possible underlying mechanisms . acute experimental colitis was induced in BALB / c mice by treatment with 5 DSS for 7 days . glabridin ( 10 or 50 mg / kg / day ) was given for 7 days . treatment with glabridin significantly attenuated mortality , loss of body weight , shortening of the colon and severe clinical symptoms . This was associated with a remarkable amelioration of the disruption of the colonic architecture , a significant reduction in colonic myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity and the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide ( NO ) , prostaglandin ( PG ) E2 , and proinflammatory cytokines . these results suggest that glabridin mediated anti inflammatory action on colorectal sites may be a useful therapeutic approach to IBD .

Anti thyroid drugs decrease mucosal damage in a rat model of experimental colitis. (1997 Jun)
Anti thyroid drugs decrease mucosal damage in a rat model of experimental colitis . background : methimazole , an anti thyroid drug , was recently found to be useful in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases . moreover , decreased thyroid hormone production is associated with a variety of immunological manifestations , such as reduced activation of CD4 cells , increased CD8 cell activity and reduced soluble IL 2 receptors . In the present study we examined the effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil on a rat model of experimental colitis . methods : colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of 30 mg trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid ( TNB ) . Two weeks prior to induction of colitis , rats were treated by either methimaziole ( 0 . 04 ) or propylthiouracil ( 0 . 01 ) in drinking water after a week of free access to water . Rats were sacrificed 48 h or 7 days after induction of colitis . The colon was isolated , rinsed with ice cold water and weighed . damage was assessed both macroscopically and microscopically and myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity determined . results : All treated rats were hypothyroid as manifested by a significant elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH ) , by comparison with the control groups ( mean 1 . 82 / 0 . 40 versus 0 . 11 / 0 . 02 mmol / L , respectively ) . The inflammatory response elicited by TNB resulted …

Anti inflammatory activity of phycocyanin extract in acetic acid induced colitis in rats. (1999 Jun)
Anti inflammatory activity of phycocyanin extract in acetic acid induced colitis in rats . The anti inflammatory effect of c phycocyanin extract was studied in acetic acid induced colitis in rats . phycocyanin ( 150 , 200 and 300 mg kg ( 1 ) p . o . ) was administered 30 min gbefore induction of colitis with enema of 1 ml of 4 acetic acid per rat . twenty four hours later myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity was determined as well as histopathological and ultrastructural studies were carried out in colonic tissue . phycocyanin substantially reduced MPO activity which was increase din the control colitis group . Also , histopathological and ultrastructural studies were carried out in colonic tissue . phycocyanin substantially reduced MPO activity which was increased in the control colitis group . Also , histopathological and ultrastructural studies showed inhibition in inflammatory cell infiltration and reduction to some extent in colonic damage in rats treated with phycocyanin . The probable role of antioxidative and the scavenging properties of phycocyanin against reactive oxygen species in the anti colitic effect is discussed in this paper . To our knowledge this is the first report on the anti inflammatory effect of phycocyanin in an experimental model of colitis .

Bifidobacterium infantis strains with and without a combination of oligofructose and inulin ( OFI ) attenuate inflammation in DSS induced … (2006 Nov)
bifidobacterium infantis strains with and without a combination of oligofructose and inulin ( OFI ) attenuate inflammation in DSS induced colitis in rats . background : pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be through different factors and there is a relationship between the gut flora and the risk of its development . probiotics can manipulate the microflora in chronic inflammation and may be effective in treating inflammation . bifidobacterium are saccharolytic and their growth in the gut can be promoted by non absorbable carbohydrates and its increase in the colon appears to be of benefit . methods : oligofructose and inulin ( OFI ) alone and the two B . infantis DSM 15158 and DSM 15159 with and without OFI , were fed to sprague dawley rats for 7 days prior to colitis induction and administrations continued for another 7 days with the DSS . colitis severity assessed using a disease activity index . samples were collected 7 days after colitis induction , for intestinal bacterial flora , bacterial translocation , short chain fatty acids ( scfas ) , myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) , cytokines ( IL 1beta , TNF alpha , IL 10 and TGF beta ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) . results : OFI alone or the B . infantis strains with and without OFI improved significantly the DAI and decreased colonic MPO activity . colonic tissue IL 1beta decreased significantly in all treated groups except B . infantis DSM 15158 . MDA decreased significantly …

Dextran sulfate sodium induced colonic histopathology , but not altered epithelial ion transport , is reduced by inhibition of phosphodiesterase … (2000 Jun)
dextran sulfate sodium induced colonic histopathology , but not altered epithelial ion transport , is reduced by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity . inhibition of phosphodiesterase ( PDE ) activity is beneficial in models of arthritis and airway inflammation . Here we assessed the ability of PDE inhibitors to modulate colitis by exposing mice to 4 ( w / v ) dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) drinking water for 5 days with or without rolipram , an inhibitor of PDE type 4 , or the nonselective PDE inhibitor , pentoxifylline ( both at 5 mg / kg , i . p . , twice daily ) . controls received saline , vehicle , or drug only . colonic histology , myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) levels , and epithelial ion transport ( baseline and stimulated by electrical nerve stimulation , carbachol , and forskolin ) were examined . DSS treated mice displayed a variable diarrhea , significant histopathology in the mid distal colon , elevated MPO activity , and reduced ( 50 ) responses to all three pro secretory stimuli . treatment with rolipram , and to a lesser extent pentoxifylline , significantly reduced the severity of the colonic histopathology and MPO levels . neither PDE inhibitor had any affect on the diminished ion transport events caused by DSS induced colitis . however , although stimulated ion transport events were still reduced 3 days after DSS treatment , colonic segments from DSS …

Therapeutic effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist Ro 48 5695 in the TNBS / DNBS rat model of colitis. (2000 May)
therapeutic effects of the endothelin receptor antagonist Ro 48 5695 in the TNBS / DNBS rat model of colitis . objective : endothelins can act as polyfunctional cytokines . It is therefore possible that endothelins could play an active role in gut inflammation . elevated levels of endothelin 1 have been reported in ulcerative colitis and crohn s disease . The aim of this study was to establish the therapeutic effect of a new endothelin receptor antagonist Ro 48 5695 in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease . This study compares the effect of Ro 48 5695 on colonic damage induced by two haptens : trinitrobenzenesulphonic ( TNBS ) or dinitrobenzenesulphonic acid ( DNBS ) . methods : colitis was induced by intra rectal administration of TNBS or DNBS . after TNBS / DNBS injury , rats were treated with 10 . 0 , 3 . 0 , 1 . 0 or 0 . 3 mg / kg of Ro 48 5695 orally , daily for 5 days . On day 6 post hapten treatment , colonic tissues were removed and examined in a blinded fashion for macroscopic damage ( damage score ) and myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity . stool consistency and adhesions were also measured . results : Oral administration of Ro 48 5695 almost completely prevented TNBS induced damage at a dose of 10 mg / kg . The same dose in this model also had a therapeutic effect as measured by MPO and incidence of …

Colonic inflammation in the rabbit induced by phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate. (1990 May)
colonic inflammation in the rabbit induced by phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate . neutrophil ( PMNL ) infiltration of inflamed colonic tissue is a prominent feature of human inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) . colitis was established in New zealand white rabbits by the intrarectal instillation of 1 . 5 mg / kg ( in 10 ml 20 ethanol ) phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate ( PMA ) and assessed by visual grading of colonic inflammation , levels of the neutrophil marker enzyme myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) , and histological examination . after 24 h there was a significant ( P less than 0 . 001 ) increase in MPO levels in the PMA treated colons compared to ethanol control . there was also increased inflammation based on visual scoring . histologically , PMA treated colons were necrotic with focal ulceration , heavy PMNL infiltration and edema at 24 h ; by 96 h colitis was sustained with mild edema , crypt abscesses , and a staining pattern suggesting altered mucus quality . these results suggest that PMA induced colitis in rabbits may be a new model of IBD in which to evaluate drugs known to mitigate the inflammatory process .

The role of transient mucosal ischemia in acetic acid induced colitis in the rat. (1996 Dec)
The role of transient mucosal ischemia in acetic acid induced colitis in the rat . The importance of early microcirculatory changes in the rat colon after exposure to acetic acid was investigated . administration of 4 acetic acid for 15 sec into an exteriorized colonic segment induced a marked , transient ( starting 2 min after the challenge with acetic acid and persisting for 15 min ) decrease in the colonic blood flow as estimated by a laser doppler flowmeter . Four days after acetic acid administration , a uniform colitis had developed in the exteriorized colonic segment with a total morphological score ( TMS ) of 15 . 1 / 0 . 8 , myeloperoxidase activity ( MPO ) increased more than threefold , and plasma exudation into the colonic lumen increased sevenfold . administration of hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) with the same pH as the acetic acid or sodium acetate ( pH 7 . 0 ) did not affect colonic blood flow or produce colitis . mechanical colonic ischemia , induced by a controlled increase in the intraluminal pressure , resulted in several pathological features of colitis with a TMS of 7 . 3 / 0 . 2 , combined with a significant increase in MPO activity . The TMS and MPO were further increased when mechanical colonic ischemia was combined with HCl or sodium acetate . pretreatment with SOD and catalase 5 or 15 min before acetic acid administration did not affect the transient ischemia immediately …

Plant originated glycoprotein has anti oxidative and anti inflammatory effects on dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mouse. (2006 Jul)
plant originated glycoprotein has anti oxidative and anti inflammatory effects on dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in mouse . We investigated the preventive effect of glycoprotein ( 27 kDa ) isolated from gardenia jasminoides ellis ( GJE ) fruits on colitis in dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS , 3 ) induced A / J mice which were administrated orally for 7 days . Anti inflammatory activity of GJE glycoprotein was assessed by neutrophil infiltration and colonic lipid peroxidation , and determined by myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( tbars ) , respectively in DSS treatment system . The activities of antioxidative enzymes catalase ( CAT ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , and glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) , activation of inflammation related mediators ( iNOS , COX 2 , and NF kappab ) , and production of nitric oxide ( NO ) and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) were also measured . The results of this study showed that GJE glycoprotein ( 80 microg / ml ) has a scavenging property to inhibit the intracellular ROS production in RAW 264 . 7 cells and that GJE glycoprotein ( 80 mg / kg BW ) significantly suppressed the increase in the MPO activity , tbars level , and NO production , inflammation related mediators iNOS , COX 2 , and NF kappab ( p50 ) activity in DSS induced mice . interestingly , the activities of CAT , SOD , and …

Immunoblockade of PSGL 1 attenuates established experimental murine colitis by reduction of leukocyte rolling. (2004 Jun)
immunoblockade of PSGL 1 attenuates established experimental murine colitis by reduction of leukocyte rolling . recruitment of circulating leukocytes into the colonic tissue is a key feature of intestinal inflammation . P selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 ( PSGL 1 ) and very late antigen 4 ( VLA 4 ) are expressed on leukocytes and play an important role in leukocyte endothelial cell adhesive interactions . We examined the effects of immunoneutralization of PSGL 1 and VLA 4 on leukocyte recruitment in vivo in the development and treatment of experimental colitis . chronic colitis was induced in balb / c mice by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate ( DSS ) . monoclonal antibodies 2PH1 ( anti PSGL 1 ) and PS / 2 ( anti VLA 4 ) or the combination of both were injected intravenously , and leukocyte adhesion was observed for 60 min in colonic submucosal venules by intravital microscopy ( IVM ) under isoflurane / N ( 2 ) O anesthesia . In addition , mice with established colitis were treated by daily intraperitoneal injections of 2PH1 , PS / 2 , or the combination of both over 5 days . disease activity index ( DAI ) , histology , and myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) levels were compared with sham treated DSS controls . We found that 2PH1 reduced the number of rolling leukocytes ( 148 . 7 / 29 . 8 vs . 36 . 9 / 8 . 7 / 0 . 01 mm ( …

Role of cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant , a member of the interleukin 8 family , in rat experimental colitis. (1994 Jun)
Role of cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant , a member of the interleukin 8 family , in rat experimental colitis . A study was made of the role of cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant ( CINC ) , regarded as a member of the interleukin 8 family , in rat experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol . colonic myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity , a marker of tissue neutrophil infiltration , was observed to reach a plateau from 24 h to 1 week following the induction of colitis ; tissue CINC levels , as measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay , rose rapidly , peaking at 12 h before the rise in myeloperoxidase activity . The time course of tissue leukotriene B4 , another chemoattractant , was followed by that of MPO activity . neutrophil accumulation into tissue in this model would thus appear to be under the control of CINC . Anti CINC was also noted to inhibit 32 . 9 to 58 . 1 of chemotactic activity determined by bioassay during the same period , this being further evidence that CINC is a major chemotactic agent in this model . The present results indicate that CINC may have a crucial role in initiating neutrophil infiltration in experimental colitis .

Effect of a novel water soluble vitamin E derivative as a cure for TNBS induced colitis in rats. (2006 Feb)
effect of a novel water soluble vitamin E derivative as a cure for TNBS induced colitis in rats . lipid peroxidation mediated by oxygen free radicals plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) . vitamin E is a lipid soluble antioxidant and is generally considered to protect against lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane and to scavenge singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radical . therefore , vitamin E or its derivatives are expected to have particular application for patients suffering from IBD . The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of the water soluble vitamin E derivative , 2 ( alpha D glucopyranosyl ) methyl 2 , 5 , 7 , 8 tetra methylchroman 6 ol ( TMG ) , on the therapy of experimental colitis in rats . colitis was induced in male wistar rats weighing 200 g using an enema of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ( TNBS ) dissolved in 50 ethanol ; TMG dissolved in physiological saline was injected intra peritoneally every day from 24 h after the enema of TNBS . The damage score , wet weight of the colon , and increase in body weight were estimated 1 week after the enema of TNBS . thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( TBA RS ) , an index of lipid peroxidation , and tissue associated myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity in the colonic mucosa were measured 1 week after the induction of colitis . As a result …

Thrombospondin 1 and its mimetic peptide ABT 510 decrease angiogenesis and inflammation in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. (2008 Mar)
thrombospondin 1 and its mimetic peptide ABT 510 decrease angiogenesis and inflammation in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease . objective : vascular abnormalities and expression of proangiogenic factors have been repeatedly reported in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) . thrombospondin 1 ( TSP 1 ) is a protein well known for its antiangiogenic and anti inflammatory properties . using the dextran sulfate sodium ( DSS ) model , the role of TSP 1 in IBD has been investigated in vivo . methods : TSP 1 deficient mice ( TSP 1 / ) and WT mice were treated with DSS for 7 days . disease activity indices , myeloperoxidase activity ( MPO ) and histology were analyzed . microvascular density ( MVD ) was quantified using immunohistochemistry ( IMH ) with CD31 antibody . TGF beta ( 1 ) , basic FGF , VEGF , TNF alpha and MMPs protein levels were evaluated by IMH and enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay ( elisa ) . Mice were treated with ABT 510 ( abbott laboratories ) , an antiangiogenic TSP peptide , using miniosmotic pumps for 7 days . results : TSP 1 ( / ) mice had a worse clinical outcome and exhibited severe signs of rectal bleeding compared to the WT controls . The TSP 1 / mice showed a higher level of crypt damage and deeper lesions . The grade of inflammation and the levels of MPO activity were also significantly higher in colons of TSP 1 …

Effect of N acetylcysteine on colitis induced by acetic acid in rats. (2001 Nov)
effect of N acetylcysteine on colitis induced by acetic acid in rats . ( 1 ) To verify the proposed role of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) in ulcerative colitis , the effect of an antioxidant N acetylcysteine ( NAC ) was studied in acetic acid ( AA ) induced colonic inflammation . ( 2 ) depending on the dose used , NAC administered intracolonically was found to reduce the extent of colonic damage , along with a decrease in myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity , colonic wet weight and wet / dry weight ratio . ( 3 ) NAC attenuated the enhanced vascular permeability and prevented the depletion of colonic reduced glutathione ( GSH ) caused by AA administration . ( 4 ) The findings indicate that NAC may prove beneficial in the treatment of colitis .